It has been well documented in recent years that Arabica coffee is facing the growing pressure of climate change and as a result the more resilient Robusta has been gaining prominence. Yet this year, we have been facing huge shortages of Robusta, due to droughts in Vietnam, and challenging weather in other Arabica growing regions, pushing the price of both varietals dramatically upwards. So what does the future of coffee look like? All things considered, we still believe that the long term outlook favours Robusta and here’s why:
Adaptability and Resilience
The adaptability of Robusta makes it a promising coffee variety for an uncertain future. Robusta can grow in more diverse environments, including low-altitude regions and areas with less rainfall. While Arabica is predominantly grown in high-altitude regions, Robusta’s ability to thrive in low-altitude areas presents an opportunity for coffee cultivation in regions that were previously unsuitable. It may take time, but this adaptability will enable farmers across the world to expand production and diversify their income streams.
Consistent Quality and Taste
In the past, Robusta was often associated with lower quality and harsher taste compared to Arabica. However, advancements in coffee processing techniques and improved farming practices have resulted in the production of high-quality Robusta beans. With careful cultivation and processing methods, Robusta can now exhibit a wide range of flavours and profiles. This shift in perception has seen the rise in successful Robusta-based coffee brands at the higher end of the market, which would have been unthinkable a few years ago.
Economic Viability for Coffee Farmers
As climate change poses particular risks to Arabica cultivation, coffee farmers in areas known for Arabica beans, are increasingly turning to Robusta as a viable alternative. The ability of Robusta to withstand more adverse weather conditions reduces the vulnerability of farmers to crop failure and financial instability. By diversifying coffee production with Robusta, farmers can mitigate the risks associated with climate change and ensure a stable income.
The increasing demand for Robusta also presents an opportunity for economic growth in regions where Arabica cultivation may not be as feasible. As we saw from Joe’s visit to India earlier this year, countries not known for their coffee production are ramping up their efforts and beginning to enjoy success as a result.
Environmental Sustainability
Robusta’s higher resilience to climate change in these new areas may have a positive impact on the environment. By requiring less water and being more resistant to pests and diseases, Robusta cultivation reduces the need for extensive pesticide and irrigation usage. This can contribute to the conservation of water resources and promote more sustainable farming practices. What’s more, the expansion of Robusta cultivation into new areas can help prevent deforestation and preserve natural habitats by reducing the pressure on traditional Arabica-growing regions.
What does the future hold?
The future of coffee is intricately linked to the challenges posed by climate change. While Arabica was once the go-to coffee variety for speciality roasters, the growing importance and quality of Robusta cannot be overlooked. Its adaptability, resilience, and economic viability make it an asset for coffee farmers in more regions of the world, and new approaches to farming Robusta make it an increasingly sought-after proposition for roasters.
At Caffeine, we celebrate both coffee varietals, and know that each has a place in our portfolio. Explore our new Caffeine Coffee blends here.
